Sabtu, 23 Agustus 2008
Cara Mudah Proteksi komputer anda dari virus tanpa program Antivirus & Firewall
Untuk mencegah virus, trojan, worm dan sejenisnya dengan memakai antivirus?, belum tentu berguna. Karena virus selalu lebih baru dari antivirus, kalau proteksi dengan program firewall & Antivirus RTS? (Real Time System), bisa juga... cumannya komputer anda akan berjalan lebih lambat, karena program tersebut residen di memory dan memakan system resource lagi pula setiap anda membuka program baru, selalu akan muncul pertanyaan apakah program ini boleh dijalankan.
Jadi solusi yang aman, cepat dan praktis bagaimana? Nah baca lebih lanjut artikel ini. Artikel ini sengaja ditulis bagi anda yang ingin mencegah kerusakan system, file dan data anda tanpa perlu campur tangan antivirus dan firewall alias MANUAL.
Pertama-tama akan kami jelaskan definisi dan bagaimana virus, trojan, worm dan sejenisnya bisa masuk ke dalam sistem komputer anda.
1. Virus sebenarnya lain dengan trojan atau worm, tapi pada prakteknya penyebarannya virus banyak di maanfaatkan oleh program worm dan trojan. Trojan adalah sebuah program yang dapat dijalankan (biasanya ber-ekstension EXE) oleh pengguna komputer dan ketika program tersebut dijalankan, dia akan merubah sesuatu dari sistem komputer kita (pada umumnya registri windows yang diubah). Nah kalau virus itu residen di memori dan dia akan merubah file yang biasanya ber-ekstension EXE atau COM dan kadang-kadang file tersebut menjadi rusak. Kalau worm (cacing) merupakan program kecil yang berupa script yang bisa nempel di mana aja, bahkan bisa nempel di html file (file website).
Program antivirus pada umumnya menggabungkan semua worm dan trojan dalam kategori VIRUS, cuma mungkin dikasih kode virusnya contoh yang worm di kasih kode W depannya baru nama worm tersebut (contoh: w32/sober) dan kita juga akan menggangapnya sama karena semua itu merusak sistem file komputer. Intinya virus bisa berupa atau berfungsi seperti trojan/worm dan sebaliknya juga, apalagi kalau file tersebut telah ter-infeksi, otomatis akan menjadi file trojan/worm juga, karena kalau pengguna membukanya akan meng-infeksi file-file lainnya.
2. Penyebaran virus dulunya hanya bisa melalui media luar seperti disktet, tapi di jaman ini virus pada umumnya memanfaatkan teknologi internet untuk menyebar luas. Cara masuknya bisa melalui E-mail (attachment), mirc, messenger (kirim/download file), download dr situs (terutama situs porno) atau bahkan memanfaatkan kelemahan dari sistem browser kita. Banyak cara pembuat virus untuk menjebak orang supaya tertarik untuk men-download dan membuka file yang ber-virus, antara lain dengan iming-iming gambar porno, gambar lucu, tools yang berguna buat anda, cara dapat uang, games bagus, hingga yang baru-baru ada pesan dr FBI/CIA untuk anda.
Sebenarnya cara mengatasi virus itu cukup mudah, antara lain:
1. Jangan membuka atau menerima file yang di dapat dr email, mirc dan messenger kalau anda belum kenal dengan pengirimnya dan belum yakin file itu berisi virus.
2. Kalau anda browser ke situs yang tidak anda kenal, matikan program java & java script. Matikan juga fitur install auto atau install on demand supaya program yang berisi virus tidak akan masuk secara otomatis ke komputer anda.
3. Kalau membuka disket, CD, DVD, USB drive dan media luar apapun bentuknya, scan dahulu dengan program antivirus untuk memastikan itu benar-benar aman.
Tips di atas mungkin akan mencegah masuknya virus ke komputer anda, tapi tidak akan 100% pasti komputer anda tidak terkena virus, bisa saja anda kecolongan. Lebih dari 90% komputer yang terkoneksi di Internet pernah terkena virus. Nah untuk mengatasi supaya anda aman dari virus, walaupun virus tersebut sempat masuk ke komputer anda, berikut ini adalah caranya:
1. Virus pada umumnya akan merusak dan memperlambat proses kerja komputer. Untuk menghindari kerusakan yang ditimbulkan virus, anda harus punya cadangan penyimpanan data atau file system. Untuk itulah backup system & data sangat diperlukan, apalagi kita tidak akan mengetahui virus di masa yang akan datang akan secanggih apa dan efek kerusakan yang ditimbulkan sejauh apa. cara backup pada winXp dan winme dengan create restore point dahulu di program> accesories> system tools> system restore, win98 bisa pakai Microsoft Backup dengan membackup folder windows semuanya. Khusus untuk data, Winxp dan winme juga harus menggunakan Microsoft Backup, karena system restore tidak 100% mengembalikan data anda.
Kalau anda males melakukannya secara manual, winxp dan winme sudah otomatis melakukannya setiap anda mematikan komputer anda, Untuk win98 satu-satunya cara hanya memakai program system schedule windows atau program lainnya yang berfungsi sebagai otomatis backup, ketika komputer lagi idle. tapi untuk pastinya, winxp dan winme juga harus memakai program tersebut supaya bila terjadi apa-apa, anda tinggal me-restore kembali. Bila komputer anda hari ini terkena virus, anda tinggal restore system sebelumnya atau yang kemarin.
2. Cara ini adalah untuk mencegah virus merusak file system kita yang biasanya berakhiran EXE, dan Sebelum anda melakukan hal ini, anda harus terlebih dahulu membackup system windows anda (baca keterangan no 1 di atas), karena penulis takut anda melakukan kesalahan yang dapat berakibat fatal terhadap system anda. Anda juga harus mempunyai dasar Windows untuk melakukan ini, kalau tidak, anda akan bingung dan kesulitan untuk memahaminya.
Caranya cukup mudah, anda tinggal merubah attribut dari file EXE anda menjadi READ ONLY alias cuma bisa dibaca, tidak bisa ditulis. caranya bisa anda menggunakan SEARCH dari windows anda, kemudian cari semua program yang ber-ektenstion EXE (search key-nya *.exe) di folder windows. Setelah itu blok semua program yang tampil (atau tekan ctrl+a) terus klik kanan pilih properties. Setelah itu pilih READ-ONLY di bagian bawah kotak pilihan atributes. Bagi yang tahu DOS (command prompt) bisa menggunakan perintah ATTRIB, fungsinya sama saja dengan cara di atas. contoh: c:\windows>attrib +r *.exe
Hal ini akan mencegah virus untuk merubah atau merusak file-file tersebut, karena pilihan tadi mematikan fitur untuk merubah file-file tersebut. Kalau anda ingin lebih yakin virus bisa mendeteksi hal tersebut, anda bisa tambahkan pilihan HIDDEN (menyembunyikan file tersebut) di sebelah kanan dari READ ONLY. Dengan kedua pilihan tersebut virus-virus pada umumnya tidak akan dapat menginfeksi file tersebut. Kalau anda ingin menampakan file HIDDEN ketika membuka folder di komputer anda, anda bisa pilih "show all hidden files" di "folder option".
Anda juga bisa melakukan hal di atas ke semua folder komputer anda, kalau anda merasa hal ini perlu dilakukan, atau mungkin dilakukan juga ke file lain yang bukan ber-ekstensi EXE atau COM. Cara ini adalah cara yang paling efektif dan telah diuji coba oleh penulis. Satu hal yang penting diketahui, kalau anda ingin melakukan penghapusan atau perubahaan ataupun anda sering meng-update file yang ber-ekstensi EXE tersebut, anda harus ingat untuk membuka proteksi read-only atau hidden tersebut. Kalau tidak file tersebut tidak akan bisa dihapus atau diupdate, dan akan muncul pesan error.
Ini adalah salah satu cara untuk memproteksi file, cara lainnya dan cara Untuk mengetahui cara virus merusak/merubah file, membasmi atau menghapus virus secara manual, akan penulis bahas di kesempatan lain.
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